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In order to find out more about survival techniques and myths about them, Bored Panda reached out to Tony Nester, a famous outdoor survival instructor and multiple book author who shared an in-depth glimpse into what we actually need to know in order to survive out there.
“For the past 30 years, I have made my living teaching wilderness survival and bushcraft courses in Arizona and Colorado as well as around the U.S.,” Nester told us. He grew up in Michigan and had a lot of mentors in the outdoors, eventually working in the adventure education field while getting his BA in anthropology. Eventually, his path took him on to “guiding extended desert survival treks which led me to a love of the Southwest.”
“It’s my goal to provide both practical skills and field-tested information so hikers, explorers and backpackers can have some self-reliance methods to fall back on in case they are ever lost, injured in the backcountry or just run into Murphy’s Law out in the wilds,” he said.
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It turns out that 80% of the folks who get stranded or lost are dayhikers. Because of that, Nester focuses on what he calls the Big 5 Survival Priorities of Shelter, Water, Fire, First-Aid, and Signaling. “Planning for these areas and having the right type of items in your survival kit will help you endure a 24-72 wilderness mishap until searchers can locate you,” he added.
Nester also teaches 3-7 day bushcraft courses which focus on both modern and traditional skills such as edible plants, tracking, axmanship, land navigation, friction firemaking (“not what you want to do when you’re lost, so carry a lighter and matches!” he warned), and woodcarving skills.
“By their nature, these skills involve more time developing a connection to the landscape and understanding the bigger picture of how humans always directly relied on the natural world to meet all their needs. Where survival is about coping with a backcountry emergency and gutting it out until the search party arrives, bushcraft is about using a handful of traditional tools and methods for forging a deeper relationship with the wilds and how we have always depended on the land.”
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When asked what are the three key survival skills to survive in the wilderness by yourself, Nester started off with “an attitude.” He explained: “Assuming you haven’t suffered a grievous wound or injury and need immediate attention, mindset is key and I always stress the critical concept of PMA... Positive Mental Attitude, which has gotten many survivors throughout the world out of grueling situations, despite them not having any training or gear.”
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“Simply put, this is the will and desire to endure a brutal night in the wilds. There’s nothing fun or romantic about being lost or surviving by yourself and it all boils down to having a reason beyond yourself to live. In interviews I’ve done with real-world survivors over the years and reflecting back on my own close calls, it’s become apparent that having One Thing to live for is key... your kids, spouse, dog, parents, or your faith is what will galvanize your willpower and help you deal with that fractured ankle while the cold rain is coming down and the night is upon you!”
And with mindset comes the need to plan and prepare before your hike, Nester said. He suggested telling someone exactly where you are going and when you will return, checking out the weather forecast, and carrying a quality survival kit to handle those Big 5 priorities.
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The second key thing to survival is sheltermaking. “Hypothermia is the number one killer of people in the outdoors the world over and most cases happen in 50 degree F weather. Carry an AMK Heatsheet, a 5x7 blue tarp and 25’ of rope (big-box hardware stores carry these), and wear layers, then learn how to rig up your tarp to keep you out of the elements. Practice tying the timber-hitch and the half-hitch as these are very simple to remember and great for lashing a shelter in place,” Nester said and reminded that “your first shelter is your clothing, so avoid 100% cotton and wear fleece, wool, or other garments that will keep insulating even when wet.”
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The third crucial step to survival is the ability to signal, Nester told us. “You are a tiny speck on the landscape to searchers, so carry a 3”x5” glass signal mirror (and know how to use it... it takes mere minutes in your backyard), a whistle, flashlight in addition to using your cellphone’s strobe feature.”
For longer trips, Nester will carry an ACR Personal Location Beacon which is recognized by search-and-rescue units throughout the US and many parts of the world. “This device can send a signal to the nearest search unit in your region and pinpoint your location,” he said.
“Given that a lot of the Western US is a tinderbox for much of the year, I don’t recommend signal fires, so carry some of the above gear and you’ll be able to draw attention to you. If you break down by your vehicle, then use your headlights and horn and spread items out in a large circle around your car to make it obvious you are stranded.”
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We also wanted to find out what are the most common survival myths that are actually wrong, and the survival instructor shared a couple of them. “I get asked this all the time: ‘can you really cut open a cactus and get fresh water?’ No, all cacti are high in alkaloids, which will make you extremely nauseous and cause you to vomit, thus further dehydrating you in a desert environment. And out of the five barrel cactus in the desert, there is only one that is non-toxic... the fishhook barrel.”
Turns out, Nester has tried using the latter in the past under non-survival conditions after obtaining cactus that have been blasted over cliffs after flash floods. He recounted that the soupy substance inside is akin to a watery Elmer’s Glue. “Not only did I have to meditate like a monk to keep it down but, by adding a noxious substance to my body, I was pretty nauseous the rest of the afternoon which greatly affected my ability to hike even short distances.”