The Scapegoat Child: Signs, Causes, and How to Heal

Most parents will never overtly mention any one of their kids as the favorite, but actions speak much louder than words, so the disposition toward each child is loud and clear in everyday interactions.

They don’t assign the labels “scapegoat" and "golden child” explicitly, but when there's a distinct difference in expectations and discipline, they might as well say it out loud.

The “golden child” gets all the high praise from your parents for being the family standard and never does anything wrong in their eyes. The scapegoat, on the other hand, is rarely praised for any achievements, disciplined strictly, and takes the blame for any trouble in the home.

If this dynamic sounds familiar, you might be in a scapegoat role. This dynamic isn't normal, and you are not the problem. Your parents may just see you as a projection outlet for the dysfunction and tension the family is avoiding.

When they project the family's negativity onto the scapegoat, it feels good to have a sacrificial lamb to blame and to pretend that it's the sole problem in the home.

Scapegoating is unfair to everyone in the home. First, let's explore why this role exists and how it affects victims as they grow into adulthood.

The word and concept of a scapegoat (originally called "escapegoat") dates back to a 15th-century English translation of the book of Leviticus in the Hebrew Bible. Back then, the term literally referred to the ritual of placing the sins of the Israelites onto two selected goats in a bid to purify the entire community.

According to the Sydney Jewish Museum, on the Day of Atonement, the Prophet would take one goat, kill it, and sprinkle its blood all around the altar.

The priest would then lay both his hands on the head of the second goat, called the Azazel, place their sins onto it, throw it off a rocky headland, and banish it into the wilderness.

Though this practice existed long before the 15th century, it was not until 1530, when William Tyndale made an English translation of the Hebrew Bible, that the word “scapegoat” and its meaning were widely adopted.

The ritual behind the name is a graphic description of how long people have tried to deflect their own shortcomings onto others because they’re too scared to accept them.

In the same vein, a scapegoat child may have become the container for the parents’ failures, frustrations, and even their personal trauma. Rather than confronting issues at home, parents channel their frustration onto the scapegoat, making them the “problem child” of the house because it's an easier issue to deal with.

In an article with MentalHealth.Com, clinical psychoanalyst Dr. Allan Schwartz explains that scapegoating is more commonly seen in people struggling with personality disorders. Parents with Narcissistic or Borderline Personality Disorder are likely to ignore their own issues and set up narcissistic family roles, like picking a child to target in the home.

Ironically, scapegoats tend to be the most psychologically healthy members of the family, according to psychotherapist Jay Reid. They are usually brutally honest about issues at home, so pointing them out can trigger the parent to mistreat them.

Parents who can’t bear to have their child point out that their marriage is failing would prefer to see the scapegoat as a threat rather than an honest kid.

Most people assume the scapegoat is the difficult one, the child who couldn't follow rules, couldn't keep the peace, couldn't just let things go. The reality is almost the opposite.

Therapists and researchers who work with adult survivors of family scapegoating consistently describe the scapegoat child as the most psychologically perceptive member of the family. Where other siblings learned to look away, the scapegoat noticed. Where others stayed quiet, the scapegoat spoke. That honesty, not bad behavior, is usually what makes them the target.

1.) Emotional honesty. Scapegoat children have a low tolerance for pretending everything is fine when it isn't. They name the tension in the room that everyone else has agreed to ignore.

2.) High empathy. They are acutely sensitive to how others feel, which makes them caring, but also easy to manipulate and guilt into absorbing blame that isn't theirs.

3.) Strong sense of fairness. They notice when rules are applied unevenly and push back, even when doing so comes at a cost.

4.) Resilience is built through adversity. Years of being blamed for things outside their control force the scapegoat to develop an internal compass that their siblings, protected by the family's approval, often never need to build.

Psychotherapist Jay Reid notes that scapegoats tend to be the healthiest members of dysfunctional families precisely because they refused to participate in the collective denial. That refusal cost them, but it also preserved something real in them that the rest of the family quietly lost.

Not every family that produces a scapegoat does so consciously, but families where one parent has Narcissistic Personality Disorder follow a particularly recognizable pattern, one that researchers and clinicians have documented extensively.

A narcissistic parent's self-image depends on external validation. They need to be seen as capable, successful, and in control. A child who challenges that image by pointing out an inconsistency, showing emotions the parent can't handle, or simply existing as an independent person with their own needs, becomes a direct threat to that self-image.

The response is not correct. It's the elimination of the threat. The child gets labeled, isolated, and slowly positioned within the family as the source of every problem. Meanwhile, another child is elevated: the golden child, whose role is to reflect the parent's ideal image back at them. This isn't accidental favoritism. It is a structural dynamic that the narcissistic parent actively maintains.

Clinical psychoanalyst Dr. Allan Schwartz describes this process as triangulation: the parent recruits other family members, including siblings, to see the scapegoat as the problem. Over time, the entire family system organizes itself around protecting the narcissistic parent's narrative. The scapegoat isn't just blamed by one person. They are blamed by everyone because everyone has been conditioned to see them that way.

This dynamic often overlaps with family enmeshment, where emotional boundaries are blurred, and the scapegoat is held responsible for the family's collective discomfort.

What makes this particularly damaging is the gaslighting that accompanies it. The scapegoat child is not just punished. They are told, repeatedly and by multiple people, that the punishment is deserved. By adulthood, many have fully internalized that belief.

Like many things that happen during childhood, being the family scapegoat is not obvious while it is happening. You simply accept how you’re being treated as normal, but as you grow, the pattern of being singled out becomes obvious. There are subtle signs to look out for as you identify whether you were made the scapegoat in your house.

Most commonly, the scapegoat is always to blame for any problems in the house. Whenever there was a financial crisis or a rule was broken in the house, you were somehow the cause of it. Regardless of whether you were involved, it always came back to you being the problem.

On the rare occasions that not only you were punished for an offense, your parents probably made your punishment worse than that of your other siblings. As the selected black sheep of the family, you were held to higher standards and stricter rules than those of the other children.

They tagged you with different names like “problem child”, “dramatic child,” or “troublemaker,” usually because you stated the obvious failings in the home. They don’t want to be reminded of the family issues, and you bringing them up makes it seem like you're trying to stir up trouble.

As the scapegoat of the house, you grew up feeling unwelcome in your own home. Because you can’t look away from the issues as they do, you feel unwanted and unseen even from a young age. Usually, the constant blaming also makes you choose to keep your distance from the family to keep the peace at home.

You were the one who often had to speak up to your parents or siblings about unfair treatment in the house or unresolved conflict. They were good, living with the tension building up in the house, and so they shut you down every time you brought it up. Acknowledging the problem was a bigger issue than the problem itself.

Some parents take the scapegoating even further to turn the children against you as well. To form an alliance against you, your siblings are also made to see you as difficult. Dr. Schwartz in MentalHealth.com describes this as triangulation, one of the behaviors that make up scapegoating.

In a real-life scenario, Bored Panda tells the story of a mother who only realized she had been making her daughter the family scapegoat years later, at a family dinner. The mother found herself unconsciously blaming the daughter for minor issues, such as a door left open, even though the daughter was absent from dinner.

The father and the other children then admitted to the mother that they had always seen the daughter this way, regularly shifting the blame for their own mistakes onto her.

In another real-life story, Bored Panda reports on a twin sister who grew up as the family scapegoat, while her twin was the golden child, always favored by their parents. The childhood bullying led up to the twin sisters’ wedding, where the scapegoat sister was clearly unwanted.

At a small wedding for the immediate family, she was excluded from family photos and from the bridal train. During the wedding toast, the sister uses it as an opportunity to recount the years of scapegoating by the family and wish them goodbye.

Suffering scapegoating might end when you’re no longer living around the family, but its effects still harm your mental health and manifest even later as an adult.

Being seen and addressed as the cause of family issues for years affects how you see other people, how you relate to them, and how you form relationships. It’s important to understand the long-term impact of scapegoating to identify repeating patterns as an adult.

The years of being tagged a troublemaker by the people around you every day eventually make you believe you are one. The attribute of being a bad child never leaves because you have accepted that something is wrong with you inside. This makes it difficult for you to go easy on yourself because when you experience setbacks in life, you over-criticize yourself.

You may also find compliments from someone else uncomfortable because you think they are untrue. This can also make it hard for you to grab opportunities because you just cannot see yourself as deserving.

The family scapegoat syndrome causes some children to swing in the opposite direction to what they hear and become overachievers. You spend your adult life trying to disprove the narrative forced on you at home in every field they can. You find yourself seeking validation from your family through academic excellence, professional wins, or just constant productivity.

It’s you saying, “If I can succeed enough, maybe someone will finally see my worth”. The issue with this is that it is never enough to counter the years of abuse, and it just becomes a cycle of chasing that might never come.

Trying to be truly happy in friendships or in love in relationships is very complicated for you. It is unfamiliar to be surrounded by people who support and trust you, and this can be more triggering than comforting.

You find yourself waiting for the affection to pass or for some conflict to happen that ends things. To avoid feeling like this, you just choose to deprive yourself of any close relationships at all.

You may also find yourself acting out in ways that certify the “problem child’ label, even when you no longer want to. You keep challenging authority, acting impulsively, or sabotaging yourself because you don’t know yourself beyond ‘problem child’. You don’t even enjoy these behaviors or the conflict that comes with them, but you have picked this as what you identify as.

Note: In some families, the scapegoat is also burdened with adult responsibilities far too early, a pattern known as parentification.

Finally realizing that you have served as a scapegoat for your family after so many years is a hurtful process, but it is the start of healing. It might take a while, but with the help of a mental health professional, you can begin to move past your childhood trauma. It is never too late to make changes that make sure these patterns do not stick with you for the rest of your life.

Take time to reflect on your childhood and why you were always blamed for so many problems in the house. You soon start to realize the "problematic and rebellious child" was really not about you, but about your family's refusal to admit their issues. Understanding this takes the responsibility off your shoulders, and now you can begin to let go of the labels you've lived with for so long.

The most foundational step in healing is understanding that the scapegoat role was assigned, not earned. You were not the problem child; you were placed in that position because the family needed somewhere to put what it couldn't face. That distinction matters enormously, because as long as you believe the label, you'll keep living inside it.

This is harder than it sounds. When a belief has been reinforced daily since childhood by parents, siblings, and the entire family structure, it doesn't feel like a belief. It feels like a fact about who you are. Therapy, particularly approaches like EMDR, Internal Family Systems, or trauma-focused CBT, can help dismantle the difference between what was done to you and what is actually true about you.

If your parents remain toxic towards you even in adulthood, then you must consider putting some distance between you and them. Licensed therapist Yolanda Rotenria, in an article for VeryWellMind, suggests visiting family only for very special occasions, such as weddings and anniversaries. While it may not be easy to detach, taking time away from them gives you a chance to heal and build your self-respect.

One of the most consistent findings in research on scapegoat recovery is the importance of relationships where you are not required to prove your worth. Healthy friendships and partnerships, ones where you are simply accepted, provide the corrective emotional experience that the family of origin never did. This can feel deeply uncomfortable at first. If you grew up expecting love to come with conditions, unconditional acceptance can feel suspicious.

Many survivors describe waiting for the other shoe to drop, for the conflict that will reveal that this relationship is just like the others. Sitting with that discomfort, rather than sabotaging the relationship to make it familiar, is itself a form of healing.

When you grow up constantly being told who you are, it's hard to imagine yourself outside that title, especially when it's in a negative context. You have to start seeing yourself beyond what you were called or told. According to Laura K. Cornell, you can make a list of your good qualities and constantly remind yourself of them. This helps you assign a new, positive identity to yourself, rather than live one imposed on you.

The scapegoat role required you to be strong, perceptive, and honest in an environment that punished all three. Those qualities don't disappear when the role does; they're still yours. Healing, in large part, is learning to recognize them as strengths rather than liabilities. What felt like a curse in childhood, the inability to look away, the refusal to pretend, turns out to be exactly the kind of clarity that makes real change possible.

Likely the most important way to heal from scapegoating as an adult is to surround yourself with people who value you for who you are. Healthy relationships that let you simply exist without having to prove or defend yourself will help you slowly reclaim your worth. Belonging to such a community is evidence that you really weren't the family's problem child; they just couldn't face the truth.

Understanding the broader pattern can help: many scapegoats also recognize themselves in one of the wider 5 hidden family roles that shape how dysfunctional families distribute blame.

For more guidance on navigating complex family dynamics, explore the Bored Panda Family Hub.

Scapegoat children are typically the most emotionally perceptive and honest members of the family. They speak up about dysfunction others prefer to ignore, which makes them a target rather than a troublemaker. Common traits include high empathy, a strong sense of fairness, and an inability to remain silent in the face of injustice.

The impact follows them beyond childhood. As adults, scapegoat children often struggle with chronic self-doubt, difficulty accepting praise, and a tendency to over-explain themselves in relationships. Some become overachievers chasing validation they never received at home; others avoid close relationships entirely because intimacy feels unsafe.

It rarely has anything to do with the scapegoats themselves. Families project unresolved tension onto whoever is most willing to absorb it. In dysfunctional families, the child most likely to be scapegoated is the one who sees the truth most clearly; their honesty destabilizes the family's illusions, making them the perceived threat.