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Our fascination with the experiences people live through while they’re comatose is nothing new. As you can notice from reading these stories, a lot of weird stuff goes on in their mind while plunging into this perplexing condition, ranging from wild dreams to horrible nightmares. This happens because there are different severities of comas, and people’s brains respond differently depending on their level of unconsciousness.
While scientists are still trying to figure out what exactly happens to people during this state, healthcare professionals use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as a way to determine and communicate about the coma level of patients with an acute brain injury. This scale ranges from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 15 and is used to assess a person’s consciousness and ability to open their eyes, move, and speak.
A GCS score of 15 represents a fully awake and conscious person, so the lower the score, the deeper the level of unconsciousness is. For example, a score between 3 and 8 likely suggests the patient is in a coma since they show little response or awareness, or none at all.
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General practitioner, medical researcher, and founder of PrimeHealth Clinical Research, Iris Gorfinkel, M.D., explained to us in a previous interview what a coma actually is. "It's a state of prolonged unconsciousness [that] can last from days to years," she told Bored Panda. "Basically, for whatever reason, the brain is not getting the oxygen that it needs and that can happen because of trauma that can [be caused by] cardiac arrest. That actually accounts for a full quarter of why a coma happens. Stroke is another 20%."
"But it can also happen because of things like brain tumors and infections, whether viral, bacterial, or fungal. It can happen because of drugs ... [or] other toxins like alcohol, and also because of blood sugar (it's either too high or too low), because of heat ... What happens to these individuals is they simply stop responding to the things we normally do. They don't respond to light, they don't respond to sound, they don't respond to pain," Gorfinkel said and added that even though these people have their eyes closed, what they're experiencing is not sleep. "When we look at their brainwaves, the pattern is totally different."
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Having someone close to you in the hospital with this condition can feel overwhelming. It’s a distressing time for everyone and can especially take a painful toll on the family members. They may have countless concerns and questions in trying to cope with looking after coma patients. However, it turns out that talking to the person and sharing stories can help awaken the comatose brain. Research from Northwestern Medicine and Hines VA Hospital revealed that loved ones' voices telling the patient familiar stories can speed up recovery from the coma.
It found that those who heard tales from family members four times a day for six weeks regained consciousness significantly faster and had an improved recovery than patients who did not. "We believe hearing those stories in parents' and siblings' voices exercises the circuits in the brain responsible for long-term memories,” said lead author Theresa Pape. "That stimulation helped trigger the first glimmer of awareness."
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When the person wakes up, friends and family can feel a severe amount of pressure to go the extra mile to help them with a swift recovery. Iris Gorfinkel told us that when most people emerge out of a coma, they are suffering very significant difficulties. "These include physical deficits (because if a person has not been moving for days, weeks, months, or years, they're going to have muscular atrophy from disuse) and intellectual disabilities. Their thinking may not be the way it used to."
The researcher added this goes with anybody who has been threatened with their life. "We see that 50% of people who have heart attacks experience clinical depression. People who emerge from a coma struggle tremendously with very deep questions about life and its meaning."
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